15.+Concert+of+Europe

Concert of Europe

Resources on this topic: Another Wiki on Nationalism/Concert of Europe Scroll down to see the info on the Concert of Europe - but this is a great page for nationalism

Video from the class ppt - Map video of Concert of Europe

Watch this to get a review of what happened during the war - far more important are the consequences of the war!

Class Notes YItzchak Kaminetsky Friday February 15 -Several wars begin this. --The last meeting is 1912-1913. -That last meeting that actually accomplishes anything is 1878 in Berlin. Eastern Question: What do we do about the Ottoman empire because it’s a sick man Empire. They are afraid that if the Ottoman Empire collapse (which it is close to doing) then someone will take the land and it will make them much stronger. Russia wants the land because it’s a warm water port. Russia is on one side and there is an alliance between Britain France Ottoman and Sardinian against Russia. Why are the Sardinians, an Island off the coast of Italy, randomly coming in? They are small with basically no power, and they see an opportunity to get involved and maybe reward of power (nationalism in Italy). Why are the other countries (Britan France, Ottoman Empire) going to war? Russia argues that they are the protector of Christian threatened in the weakness of the Ottoman Empire. This would take away the “buffer zone.” Buffer Zone- A territory that a third party holds that keep 2 sides from attacking each other. This whole war is a contest between the European powers for control over the Ottoman Empire. This war that is technically over, Russia says that they are in charge. Hunt argues that Nicholas II tricked them into thinking that but he actually is the one in power.
 * Begininng of the End of the Concert of Europe**
 * The Crimeon war**

Class notes: Moshe Markowitz Feb 15th Friday February 15th 1st 10 min- teaching how to grade DBQS POV- diary=truthfull Newspaper= attempting to be objective so hes presenting both sides Concert of Europe- beigginning of the end – 3 things that led to the end unification of italy and germany and crimean war Concert of Europe last one is 1912, 1913, to deal with wars in the Balkan territories 1838 congress of berlin is the last important one Eastern question- what do we do about the ottoman empire because it’s the sick man of Europe ( not balanced power)- its falling apart Who’s gonna take their territory Cartoon on slideshow- ppl r very poor from the Crimean war- and disorganized Crimean war- PHOTOGRAPH!!! Crimean war is on the Crimean peninsula on the black sea- **Russia really wants it bc it’s a GREAT warm water port** CRIMEAN WAR- Britain france ottoman and sardenia form an alliance ( sardenia does it bc they see a chance to get power and be like the big countries- OVERALL- they want nationalism in Italy ) That alliance is here bc they argue that they are the protectors of the Christians in the ottoman empire- RUSSIA IS GOING INTO THE BUFFER ZONE! So these countries go in to stop it bc itll mess up the balance of power- FRENCH AND BRITISH AND ALLIANCE COME TO PROTECT OTTOMANS FROM RUSSIA
 * It’s a long running contest bw European powers over control and influence over the ottoman empire**

Napoleon III wants to undo balance of power, so they trick Russia into messing up the balanceof power and undo the concert of Europe So they make buddies with the alliance so they don’t get the shaft

Emily Firestone's Class Notes Feb 15.

The End of the Concert of Europe
 * the unification of Italy and Europe is the final thing that pulls apart and ends the concert of Europe
 * the last concert of Europe takes place in 1912 and 1913, it had to do with wars in the Balkan territory (near Greece)
 * the last one that actually accomplishes something is in Berlin in 1878
 * the Eastern Question is the question of what to do with the Ottoman Empire because it is the “sick man of Europe”
 * the issue is relevant because of the balance of power
 * they water down their military, Ottoman Empire begins to fall apart
 * so who will take over that territory
 * this was supposed to be a buffer zone to Russia
 * why would Russia would want more land? so they can westernize and get more modern ports
 * the Crimean War marks the begining of the end of the Concert of Europe over the issue of the Eastern Question
 * the last big war in Europe was the Thirty Years War, and the Napoleonic Wars so no one is prepared for this war
 * in this war, they were able to take photographs (second half of the 1800s)
 * Britain, France, the Ottomans, and Sardinia are fighting in this Crimean War
 * Sardinia is a tiny island off the coast of Italy
 * they have no power who decide to help out the big countries so they can get noticed and get rewarded
 * they want nationalism in Italy
 * why are they going to war?
 * the other countries are fighting because Russia argued that they are the protectors of Christians in the Ottoman Empire, they want to expand
 * Russia’s interests express nationalism
 * this is a contest between countries in Europe for control over parts of the Ottoman Empire

Kayla Petrover Class Notes 2/15 End of Concert


 * Q:** What caused the Age of the Concert of Europe to fail/end?
 * A:** The rise of nationalism, the unification of Germany and the Risorgimento in Italy, and the Eastern Question (the diplomatic and political problems posed by the decay of the Ottoman Empire)


 * Q:** What happens next and what is its effect?
 * A:** The Crimean War; it marks the beginning of the end of the Concert of Europe because they are constantly fighting over the Eastern Question


 * Q:** What is the Eastern Question?
 * A:** It is “What do we do about the Ottoman Empire because it is the sick man of Europe?”


 * Q:** When was the last concert of Europe that something significant happened?
 * A:** 1853**-**1878 they are dealing with the Eastern Question in the Conference of Berlin


 * Q:** When was the very last concert of Europe?
 * A:** 1912-1913; has to do with discussing wars in the Balkins


 * Q:** Who fought in the Crimean War?
 * A:** Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire, and Piedmont Sardinia against Russia


 * Q:** What’s Sardinia and why did they join this war?
 * A:** Sardinia is an island off Italy, and they join this war to gain power, self-rule, and unite Italy, since they feel a great sense of Nationalism to Italy.


 * Q:** What caused this war?
 * A:** Russia argued that they were the protectors of Christians in the Ottoman Empire, which takes away the buffer zone from Russia because they are claiming part of the Ottoman Empire and they can do this because the Ottoman Empire is so weak, so the Concert is not going to let them do that. Russians are traders. They want to “protect” the Christians because they feel connected to them- Nationalism. This is why Metternich hates Nationalism.


 * Q:** Why would Russia claim that territory?
 * A:** Napoleon III, nephew of Napoleon I, made himself the Emperor in France and he claims the land in Russia in order to upset Nicholas of Russia and trick him into trying to claim that land in order to manipulate him into breaking the Concert of Europe so he could conquer more land and take over like Napoleon I

Great Notes that I found online. Ariel Bugay media type="youtube" key="a1yrAVPALxw" height="315" width="420"

Terms - these are for you to define as you prefer -
 * **__Section 21.3: The “Restoration” of Europe__**
 * 1) **Congress of Vienna**: What was the main goal of the congress and the congress system?
 * 2) What did they do with France, the cause of all the problems?
 * 3) How did the Congress rearrange the territories taken over by Napoleon to “balance the competing interests of the great powers”?
 * 4) What new diplomatic order did this system put in place?
 * 5) **Emergence of conservatism**: what does Hunt mean, “the political doctrine that justified the restoration was conservatism?”
 * 6) What did conservatives like Edmund Burke think was the cause of the French Revolution?
 * 7) What were the challenges Louis XVIII faced in restored France?
 * 8) **The Revival of Religion:** What prompted many to renew their religious faith? Give examples of this. || * Concert of Europe
 * Congress of Vienna,1814-15
 * Metternich
 * Castlereagh
 * Tallyrand
 * Restoration
 * Holly Alliance
 * Conservatism ||
 * ** additional terms: ** || * Edmund Burke
 * ultra royalists
 * Methodism
 * John Wesley
 * Great Awakening ||


 * **__23.1: The End of the Concert of Europe__**
 * 1) What had weakened the concert of Europe? Why?
 * 2) **Napoleon III and the Quest for French Glory:** How did Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, or **Napoleon III** act as “Europe’s schoolmaster”?
 * 3) In what ways was he a “modernizer”?
 * 4) What were Napoleon III’s foreign goals? Results?
 * 5) What were the three wars of Napoleon III?
 * 6) What would happen to Napoleon III?
 * 7) **The Crimean War, 1853-1856: Turning Point in European Affairs:** The **Crimean War** began as a war between what two countries? Why?
 * 8) What was Napoleon III’s role?
 * 9) Explain how other nations quickly got sucked in to this conflict.
 * 10) What brought an end to the loose Russian-Austrian coalition?
 * 11) Ultimately, how many men would lose their lives? Why?
 * 12) What new technologies were introduced and used during this war?
 * 13) Why does Hunt call this a “Turning Point” in European affairs (last paragraph of the section)?
 * 14) **Spirit of Reform in Russia:** What was the impact on Russia of defeat in the Crimean War?
 * 15) What would spark the emancipation of Russian serfs?
 * 16) What else was changed during the **“age of Great Reforms”**?
 * 17) How did the nobility react to these changes?
 * 18) What aspects of Russian society delayed its development compared to the rest of Europe? || * Bonapartism
 * Sick man of Europe (1850s)
 * Crimean War (1853-1856)
 * Peace of Paris of 1856
 * Florence Nightingale
 * Mir
 * Zemstvos
 * Nihilists
 * Russification ||